During the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019, West China Hospital of Sichuan University urgently set up 4 medical tents to conduct centralized screening of fever patients, effectively avoiding cross-infection, and at the same time alleviating the pressure on the Department of Emergency Medicine and improving the efficiency of medical treatment for patients with fever. Later, in order to actively respond to China’s severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleic acid detection policy, 5 tents were adjusted to carry out the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleic acid detection. This article introduces the function setting, personnel arrangement and protective measures of medical tents in West China Hospital of Sichuan University during the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019. It aims to share the experience of urgently setting up medical tents in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019, with a view to provide a reference for the construction of medical tents in other medical institutions.
【摘要】 目的 评价以问题为基础式学习与病例讨论式学习在“临床风险筛查”培训教学过程中的应用效果。 方法 2010年6月-2011年7月，联合应用两种教学方法对参训医学生进行培训，然后进行临床资料采集、资料整理等实践活动。最后，对学生培训效果进行总结。 结果 共培训医学生50人，并对398例患者进行营养风险筛查。45人（90%）参与者认为此教学方式能激发自身主动学习兴趣，40人（80%）认为通过此次培训能够使学生逐步建立科学研究的思维方式，但有20人（40%）认为短期内采用两种教学方式能够对论文写作、统计学理论和实践等方面能力的提高有促进作用。影响医学生科研能力培训效果的主要因素集中体现在学习任务量的加重、对新教学方法不适应、自学能力三方面。 结论 联合应用问题为基础式学习与病例讨论式学习教学模式，在提高医学生学习主动性、积极性、团队合作及人际沟通能力等方面有优势，但尚存部分问题需要进一步解决。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based study (CBS) in clinical nutritional risk screening training program. Methods All the students were trained by the combination methods of PBL and CBS. Clinical assessment, data collection and the collection of samples were conducted by the students. Finally, the impact of the new teaching strategy was assessed. Results From June 2010 to July 2011, there were a total of 50 students who attended the training program from various departments, and 398 patients were screened for nutritional risk. Forty-five students (90%) thought that this teaching method could inspire their interest in study; 40 students (80%) thought that this teaching method could help them establish a scientific way of thinking. Students who thought this teaching methodology could contribute to their enhancement of writing and statistical skills accounted for only 40 percent of the total enrollment. “High learning burden”, “difficulty in adapting to the new teaching methods” and “the ability of self-study” were the main factors which affected the motivation of students. Conclusions Combined applications of PBL and CBS have advantages in improving students′ learning initiative and enthusiasm, and developing the abilities of team cooperation and interpersonal communication skills. However, there are still some issues that need to be addressed.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common cause of preventable blindness in the working-age population. In addition to optimizing the hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and other risk factors, regular fundus examination is essential for early diagnosis asymptomatic DR and timely treat the sight-threatening DR, so as to reduce blindness and severe visual impairment caused by DR. Clinical practice guidelines for the screening and management of DR have been implemented throughout the world, but there are reasonable differences between existing guidelines in the recommended timing of first retinal examination, screening intervals, methods for examination and criteria for referral to an ophthalmologist. It is of great clinical significance to have a detailed understanding of the current guidelines for DR screening and their clinical basis.
Objective To observe the fundus characteristics and associated factors of retinal hemorrhage (RH) in newborns. Methods A total of 293 healthy newborns (586 eyes) were enrolled in this study. A digital wide-angle retinal imaging device (RetCam Ⅲ) was used to examine the subjects at about 2 days after birth (2.7plusmn;0.9) days. The images of posterior pole, temporal quadrant, superior quadrant, nasal quadrant and inferior quadrant of the fundus of each eye were taken sequentially. Every newborn completed the examination and the mean duration of the procedure was (2.62plusmn;0.55) minutes. Newborns with RH were reexamined after one month. RH was classified according to the location and size of the hemorrhages based on guidelines in the literature. The location and degree of RH was determined in each newborn. The incidence of RH by gender, parity, birth weight, maternal age and delivery method was compared and analyzed. Results RH was present in 87 eyes (14.8%) of 58 newborns (19.8%) and of the 58 newborns with RH, half (29 eyes) had hemorrhages in both eyes, and half (29 eyes) had hemorrhages in only one eye. The site of the hemorrhage was all on the superficial retina. Of the 87 eyes with RH, 72 eyes (82.8%) had hemorrhage in zone Ⅰ, 86 eyes (98.9%) had hemorrhage in zone Ⅱ, and 36 eyes (41.4%) had hemorrhage in zone Ⅲ. Thirty-eight eyes (43.7%) had hemorrhage in zone Ⅰand Ⅱ. Three eyes (3.4%) had hemorrhage in zone Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Thirtythree eyes (37.9%) had hemorrhage in zone Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ. One eye (0.4%) had hemorrhage in zoneⅠonly. Twelve eyes (13.8%) had hemorrhage in zone Ⅱ only. None had hemorrhage in zone Ⅲ only. The severity of RH was grade Ⅰ in 13 of 87 eyes (14.9%), grade Ⅱ in 33 of 87eyes (37.9%), and grade Ⅲ in 41 of 87 eyes (47.1%). Fourteen of 58 newborns with RH (24.1%) were lost to follow-up. Forty-four of 58 newborns with RH (75.9%) were reexamined one month after birth and all the RH disappeared entirely. There were no statistically significant differences among the incidences of RH of the different gender (chi;2=0.018,P=0.893), parity（chi;2=0.772,P=0.380）, birth weight（chi;2=1.611,P=0.447）and maternal age (chi;2=0.915,P=0.339). The incidence of RH was higher for vaginal delivery than that for cesarean section delivery (chi;2=3.073,P＜0.05). Conclusions The RH in newborn is located in the superficial retina, mostly located in zone Ⅰor zone Ⅱ, and resolves itself within one month after birth. The RH in newborns is related to the mode of delivery, but not related to gender, parity, birth weight or maternal age.
Objective To systematically review the current situation of health economics evaluation of gastric cancer screening. Methods The PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect the health economics evaluation studies on gastric cancer screening from January 1st, 1975 to September 30th, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Then, qualitative analysis was performed. Results A total of 44 studies were included. Most of the targeted populations of the study were high-risk groups in areas with a high incidence of gastric cancer. Screening methods such as endoscopy and Helicobacter pylori infection detection were mainly evaluated in those studies. According to the results, about 47% of the studies evaluated a single screening method. A total of 35 studies showed that they established models, however, only a few calibrated the models. Conclusion Most studies of gastric cancer screening reviews neither calibrate the results nor consider the effect of smoking on the progression of gastric cancer. Those evaluated screening programs are limited.
ObjectiveTo reveal and demonstrate the hotspots and further research directions in screening technology for early lung cancer, and provide references for the future studies. MethodsResearches related to lung cancer screening from 2011 to 2021 in the Web of Science database were included. Biblioshiny, a bibliometrics program based on R language, was used to perform content analysis and visualization of the included literature information. ResultsResearches related to lung cancer screening were increasing year by year. Six major cooperation groups were formed between countries. The current research hotspots in the field of early lung cancer screening technology mainly focused on the multi-directional fusion of radiographic imaging, liquid biopsy and artificial intelligence. ConclusionLow-dose spiral CT screening is still the most important and mainstream method for the screening of early lung cancer at present. The combination and integration of artificial intelligence with various screening methods and the innovation of novel testing and diagnostic equipment are the current research hotspots and the future research trend in this field.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among the tumors in the whole world. Although new diagnostic techniques have been developed for nearly 20 years, the mortality is still high. Until now, no randomized controlled trial of chest x-ray and sputum cytology showed the improvement of the survival rate of lung cancer. Low-dose CT can screen more patients in early stage, however, overdiagnosis, cost and the quality of studies should be considered. Further studies of RCTs should be done to clarify these questions.