ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules and its influencing factors among medical staff of a hospital in Hengshui. MethodsA total of 2 190 medical workers in a hospital in Hengshui who underwent physical examinations in the Medical Examination Center of Harrison International Peace Hospital from January 2012 to July 2013 were included as the study subjects. Through physical examination, thyroid ultrasonography and questionnaire, we collected data and investigated the prevalence of thyroid nodules and its influencing factors. ResultsThe prevalence rate of thyroid nodules was 39.45% (864/2 190) in these medical staff. The prevalence rates of thyroid nodules in males and females were 32.34% (238/736) and 42.92% (624/1 454), respectively, with statistically significant difference between them (χ2=22.913, P<0.001). With increasing age, the prevalence of thyroid nodules increased gradually, and the prevalence of the same sex increased gradually too (P<0.001). The prevalence rate of women was significantly higher than that of men for each age group (P<0.05). Among the 864 subjects, there were 550 (63.66%) with multiple nodules and 314 (36.34%) with solitary nodules; there were 454 (52.55%) with nodules in both lobes of thyroid, 238 (27.54%) with nodules in the right lobe of thyroid, and 172 (19.91%) with nodules in the left lobe of thyroid; there were 504 (58.33%) with solid modules, 172 (19.91%) with cystic nodules, 114 (13.19%) with solid and cystic nodules, and 74 (8.56%) with calcification. Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, educational degree, drinking history, taste habit, stress, agitation were correlated with the development of thyroid nodules. ConclusionThe prevalence of thyroid nodules is high among medical staff of this hospital. Thyroid nodules can be prevented through healthy lifestyle, limiting alcohol intake, emotional control, and relieving stress. Early diagnosis and early treatment should be done to prevent the development and spread of thyroid nodules.
Objective To explore the prevalence and related factors of behavior problems among the high-grade primary school students (in Grade 4 to Grade 6) in Chongqing urban area. Methods By means of cross-sectional survey, a total of 3 137 high-grade primary school students in Chongqing urban area were investigated with Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL, version for parents) and self-designed basic information questionnaire. Results The relevance ratio of behavior problems was 27.26%. The univariate analysis revealed that type of school, grade, residential and family environment, and parental attitude toward children had effects on children’s behavior problems with significance difference (Plt;0.05). The stepwise regression revealed that grade, educational level of father, healthy conditions of parents, family structure, academic performance and parental attitude toward children were the independent and main influencing factors (Plt;0.05). Conclusion The relevance ratio of behavior problems among high-grade primary school students in Chongqing urban area is much higher, which is related to the following factors: family situation, parental attitude toward children, social and school environment. It indicates that the status of children’s mental heath is not optimistic in Chongqing urban area. Comprehensive measures combining family, school with psychologist should be taken to reduce the prevalence of behavioral problems.
ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological situation of pre-hospital emergency elderly and non-elderly patients in Chengdu and explore the characteristics of pre-hospital care in the city.MethodAll pre-hospital care records in the Chengdu 120 Emergency System Database in 2017 were retrospectively collected. According to the age of the patients, they were divided into the elderly group (≥60 years old) and the non-elderly group (<60 years old). The disease spectrum, the trends of the number of emergency help calls, the changes in different diseases over time, as well as the disease composition of the patients who died in the two groups were compared.ResultsA total of 179 387 pre-hospital emergency patients were enrolled, including 59 980 elderly patients and 119 407 non-elderly patients. Most of them were male patients in both groups. Patients in the elderly group were mainly between 60 to 89 years old, and the ones in the non-elderly group were mainly between 18 to 59 years old. The pre-hospital emergency patients in the elderly group presented with trauma, nervous system, symptoms and signs, and cardiovascular system diseases mainly, accounting for 29.19%, 14.64%, 13.82%, and 12.86%, respectively. In the non-elderly group, trauma, acute poisoning, and symptoms and signs were predominant, accounting for 50.89%, 10.98%, and 10.08%, respectively. Among the pre-hospital deaths, the number in the elderly group was the larger, accounting for 69.61% (7 043 cases); the mortality rate was 11.74%, with sudden death (28.70%), cardiovascular diseases (25.95%), and respiratory diseases (16.07%) being the major causes. The pre-hospital mortality rate of non-elderly patients was 2.58%, mainly including traumatic diseases (35.41%), sudden death (unknown cause of death) (25.33%), and cardiovascular diseases (17.56%). The number of emergency help calls in the elderly group began to increase gradually from September, reaching a peak in December and hitting the trough in February. While in the non-elderly group, the peak of the emergency help calls appeared in July, and it also fell to the lowest in February. The proportion of the number of emergency help calls in the elderly group was higher in January to February and October to December; while the peak in non-elderly group was in July. The number of emergency help calls in the elderly group were mainly concentrated in the daytime (08:00 to 20:00). In the non-elderly group, the changes in the number of emergency help calls were similar to that of the elderly, however, with another peak (20:00 to 24:00). The proportion of the number of emergency help calls in the elderly group was 06:00 to 09:59, and the peak time of the non-elderly group was in the early morning (00:00 to 04:59) and night (20:00 to 23:59).ConclusionsThe number of pre-hospital care for elderly and non-elderly patients has its own characteristics in terms of the time and the distribution of disease spectrum. Trauma and cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of pre-hospital care and death in Chengdu. And the pre-hospital mortality in the elderly group is much larger than that in non-elderly group. Relevant departments can allocate emergency resources rationally, and focus on improving the on-site rescue capacity towards related diseases.
Objective To investigate the morbidity and mortality of malignant tumors in Chengdu, and get to know their epidemiological characteristics and trends, so as to provide evidence for the policy-making of tumor prevention and control. Methods The ICD-10 coding method was used to analyze the morbidity and mortality of malignant tumors in different ages, genders, areas and types, based on the surveillance data in Chengdu collected from 1990 to 2010. Results The reporting morbidity rose from 32.29/100 000 in 1990 to 171.63/100 000 in 2010, while the reporting mortality rose from 87.03/100 000 in 1990 to 177.51/100 000 in 2010. Liver cancer was seen with the highest morbidity and mortality rate in Chengdu in 2010. The mortality of cancer was higher in male than in female (233.49/100 000 vs. 121.12/100 000). No significant differences were observed between city and rural areas (177.84/100 000 vs. 176.95/100 000). Conclusion The morbidity and mortality rates of tumor are rising year by year, and tumor has become the main disease threatening people’s health. It is suggested that earlier prevention and control measures should be implemented as soon as possible.
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer death in adults of Zhuhai in order to provide decision-making evidence for lung cancer control and prevention. Methods The data of Mortality Registration System from 2004 to 2005 in Zhuhai were applied to analyze the epidemiological features of lung cancer death in adults. Results From 2004 to 2005, the average mortality from lung cancer and the standardized rate in adults of Zhuhai were 25.3/lakh and 30.3/lakh, respectively. Lung cancer ranked the first on the list of death causes in all cases of cancer death. The standardized rate of the male and female population was 40.1/lakh and 19.2/lakh, respectively. The standardized rate of males was higher than that of females (u=7.23, Plt;0.01). The average mortality from lung cancer increased with age, especially in males over 60 years old. The standardized mortality from lung caner in Xiangzhou, Doumen and Jinwan was 30.5/lakh, 31.1/lakh and 27.3/lakh, respectively. No statistical significance was found in these areas. Conclusion Lung cancer is one of the major malignant tumors among Zhuhai people. Lung cancer mortality is increasing with population aging. Based on the main risk factors of lung cancer, effective preventive measures including tobacco control and environment improvement should be taken.
ObjectivesTo investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of first diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in a general hospital, so as to improve early recognition and diagnosis of HIV/AIDS.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of HIV/AIDS patients who were diagnosed for the first time and had medical records in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2015 to December 2016. Epidemiological information, clinical characteristics and opportunistic infection of these patients were analyzed.ResultsThe 1 036 HIV/AIDS patients were mainly from other regions of Sichuan Province except Chengdu. The overall ratio of male to female was 3.26∶1, and the ages of the patients were mainly between 15 and 59 years old (83.20%). In the occupational distribution, household or unemployed accounted for the largest proportion (36.39%). In terms of education level, junior high school accounted for the largest proportion (27.70%). Among marital status, married accounted for the largest proportion (52.41%). Among ethnic groups, the Han nationality accounted for the largest proportion (87.64%). The main infection route was sexual transmission (82.05%), of which heterosexual transmission accounted for 65.64% and homosexual transmission accounted for 16.41%. The clinical departments of confirmed patients had a wide range of sources, the top five of which were General Outpatient Clinic, Infection Center, Department of Emergency, Department of Dermatology & Venerology and Department of Neurology. Of the patients, 66.99% reported asymptomatic, and 33.01% had one or more symptoms. The most common symptoms were systemic symptoms such as fever, fatigue and lymphadenopathy, as well as clinical manifestations of respiratory system, nervous system and gastrointestinal system. The clinical stage of HIV/AIDS patients were mainly asymptomatic phase and AIDS phase, accounting for 98.65%. Among the HIV/AIDS patients, there were obviously more medical patients than surgical patients. The most common symptoms of the medical patients were fever, cough and expectoration, headache, fatigue and abdominal pain. The main symptoms of the surgical patients were headache, abdominal pain and lymphadenopathy. Compared with the surgical HIV/AIDS patients, the medical patients were younger (Z=−2.647, P=0.008), and the platelet counts (t=−2.110, P=0.036) and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts (Z=−4.639, P<0.001) were lower, the differences were statistically significant. Compared with the homosexually transmitted HIV/AIDS patients, the heterosexually transmitted patients were older (t=25.477, P<0.001), and had lower CD4+ T lymphocyte counts (Z=−2.779, P=0.005). And in males, the red blood cell count and hemoglobin content were lower. There were 214 patients (20.66%) with opportunistic infections, and 50 patients (4.83%) with tumors.ConclusionsHIV/AIDS patients in this general hospital come from different clinic departments, and were mainly Han nationality and married men. Sexual transmission is the main transmission route. Common clinical presentations of HIV/AIDS include fever, fatigue, cough and expectoration, headache, abdominal pain and lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS patients combined with opportunistic infections and tumors need more attention.
ObjectivesTo analyze epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in Sichuan province from 2000 to 2017.MethodsCase data of all new leprosy patients in Sichuan province from 2000 to 2017 were collected. A retrospective analysis of its epidemiological characteristics was performed by using SPSS 19.0 software.ResultsA total of 3 208 cases of leprosy were detected during 2000 to 2017, of whom 2 197 (71.28%) were male, 885 (28.72%) were female. The younger cases whose ages were less than 14 were 82 (2.66%), and the cases with grade 2 disabilities were 614 (19.92%). The mean age of male was older than female (41.64±14.26 vs. 38.89±15.12 years, P<0.05). The grade 2 disability rate of male was significantly higher than that of female (20.94% vs. 17.40%, P<0.05). Self-report was the most common method of discovery. But the ratio of male who were detected through contact examination was significantly lower than that detected through dermatological clinic, self-report, clues check and report (the ratio of male to female was 1.57, 2.38, 2.88, 2.48, 2.37, respectively, P<0.05).ConclusionsThe case detection of leprosy declines annually in Sichuan province from 2000 to 2017, especially in high-endemic area and male patients. Female patients are younger than male patients when they are detected. The grade 2 disability situation of male patients is significantly more serious than that of female patients. Self-report is the most common way of discovery, while women are more passive.
ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics and factors and detection ways of leprosy in Zhushan county in Hubei province, so as to provide scientific basis for developing measures to treat and prevent leprosy after basic elimination. MethodsWe summarized the detection rate, incidence and prevalence of leprosy in Zhushan county in Hubei province during 1955-2012; compared the stage when detecting leprosy, deformity/disability rates and costs according to different detection ways; and conducted descriptive epidemiological analysis. ResultsLeprosy outbreak distribution in Zhushan county in Hubei province covered 17 villages/towns, of which patients were the most in 4 southeast villages/towns. Among 123 cases of patients with leprosy, the youngest aged 4, the oldest aged 74, and the patients aged 20-39 were the most (42.28%); the sex ratio were 1.73 to 1 (male to female); most patients were peasants (83.74%); the main infection sources were family members and neighbours (45.53%, respectively); economic level, health and living condition were the main factors relevant to the prevalence of leprosy; and applying tests in people with foci contact history detected the most patients with leprosy on early stage, which caused the lowest deformity/disability rates. ConclusionWe should consistently strengthen the training of medical personnel; improve medical personnel ability of detecting leprosy; take tests for people with foci contact history and tracking as active detection ways; monitoring patients' family members as well as close contacts during 10-year latent period; and conduct timely tracking, so as to in time detect, isolate, and treat patients with leprosy, reduce the incidence of deformity/disability, and control the transition of leprosy.
Objective To analyze the measles epidemic characteristic, so as to provide scientific evidence for the strategy of controlling and eliminating measles. Methods The data of measles cases was collected from the national epidemiological investigation and surveillance report system, and the measles epidemiological characteristic as well as the efficacy of measles control strategy were analyzed through descriptive studies. Results The total number of the reported measles cases reached 309 in 2009, the incidence rate was 5.1 per 100 000 population and declined by 71.26% compared with the year of 2008. Seasonal peak in 2009 appeared from January to April. The infants less than eight months old as well as the patients more than 15 years old were the main suffering population, which accounted for 33.98% (105/309) and 49.51% (153/309) of the total, respectively. The patients having no or having unclear measles vaccination history accounted for 93.2% (288/309). The cases of floating population accounted for 9.71% (30/309). Conclusion It has been demonstrated that vaccine immunization activities are important measures to eliminate measles. To achieve the goal of measles elimination, not only does the children routine immunization have to be performed, but also the strengthened immunization has to be carried out for the key crowd in key areas.
Objective To survey and analyze the epidemiological and distribution situation of echinococcosis for human and livestock in Aba Prefecture of Sichuan Province. Methods According to the Standard WS257-2006 of Diagnose Hydatidosis which was published by the WHO, the residents from 141 countrysides of 13 counties where echinococcosis prevailed were examined by B-ultrasound. Sera anti-echinococcosis IgG of children under 12 years old and dejecta-antigen of dogs were examined by ELISA. Visceral of yaks and sheep were examined in slaughter places to make sure their infection. Results Human surveillance: 48 288 people were examined by B-ultrasound, 470 of which were patients. The positive rate was 0.97%; 19 people was Alveolar Echinococcus, and 451 people was Cystic Echinococcus. Sera of 5 372 children was examined, 358 of which were positive. The positive rate was 6.67%. Livestock surveillance: 5814 dejecta-antigens of dogs were examined, 989 of which were positive. The positive rate was 17.01%. 3 336 yaks and sheep were examined, 113 of which were positive. The rate was 3.39% (113/3 336). Conclusion Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcus exist and prevail among humans and cattles in Aba Prefecture of Sichuan Province, with a larger proportion of Cystic Echinococcus.